Nhận biết (M1)

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• A student has taken the following notes:

• A team of researchers led by Guanning Pang discovered that inactive volcanoes in the Cascade Range have large underground magma chambers 3 to 9 miles below their surface.

• Some of these volcanoes have been dormant for thousands of years.

• Researchers detected magma by tracking earthquake waves that slowed down when passing through chambers of magma consisting of 3% to 32% melted rock.

• Magma chambers need over 35% liquid rock to potentially erupt.

• These findings challenge the scientific theory that magma chambers only exist right before eruptions.

• The discovery could improve volcano monitoring and eruption prediction methods.

A student wants to undermine a scientific assumption about magma chambers. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

• A.

  Scientists found inactive Cascade Range volcanoes with large magma chambers below their surface, challenging the theory that magma chambers only exist right before eruptions.

• B.

  Magma chambers need over 35% liquid rock to potentially erupt, refuting the assumption that volcanoes dormant for thousands of years have melted rock below.

• C.

  Researchers detected magma chambers by tracking earthquake waves through partially melted rock, improving volcano monitoring and eruption prediction methods for dormant volcanoes.

• D.

  By tracking earthquake waves, Pang found that magma reservoirs sit 3 to 9 miles below the Cascade Range volcanoes' surface and need over 35% liquid magma to potentially erupt.