Nhận biết (M1)

Text 1

Columbia University and the online class provider edX are two of the many institutions offering training programs in entrepreneurship. But what results do such programs produce? In a study of college students in the United States, Korea, China, and Fiji, researcher Sang Lee and colleagues addressed this question and found that participants showed high knowledge of entrepreneurship after receiving entrepreneurial training.

Text 2

While studies of entrepreneurial training typically report positive results, a close look at these studies reveals widespread methodological shortcomings. For instance, a 2005 study led by Sang Lee found benefits of entrepreneurial education for college students in four countries, but the study only collected data on students after the training, not before, making it difficult to say whether the training actually had an effect.

Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 2 most likely answer the underlined question in Text 1?

• A.

  Although the programs may seem to produce positive results, close analysis of studies of the programs shows that they produce negative results just as frequently.

• B.

  It is unknown what results the programs produce because studies of them are often designed in ways that do not allow for definitive conclusions.

• C.

  The programs tend to produce inconsistent results because they vary substantially in their methods and aims.

• D.

  Most of the programs do not actually produce positive results even though program participants tend to regard them as beneficial.