Nhận biết (M1)

In Bolivia, use of solid fuel (e.g., coal, wood) as a share of total household fuel use fell by more than half between 2000 and 2015; such shifts are typically explained by appeal to the energy ladder—a model holding that fuel choice is mediated mainly by household income (specifically, high-technology fuels displace solid fuels as incomes rise). Richard Hosier and Jeffrey Dowd's study of fuel use in Zimbabwe shows how reductive this model is, however: although income of course constrained fuel choice, several factors, including the difficulty of acquiring fuel sources, influenced decisions.

Based on the text, the author would most likely agree with which statement about household income?

• A.

  It can explain some but not all of the differences in fuel choice across households.

• B.

  It is often said to influence household fuel choice but actually does not.

• C.

  It affects household fuel choice but not for the reasons assumed by the energy ladder model.

• D.

  It constrains the amount of fuel households use but not the type of fuel they use.