Nhận biết (M1)

In Armenia, use of solid fuel (e.g., coal, wood) as a share of total household fuel use fell by approximately 90 percent between 2000 and 2018; such shifts are often explained by appeal to the energy ladder, a model holding that fuel choice is mediated mainly by household income (specifically, high-technology fuels displace solid fuels as incomes rise). Boukary Ouedraogo's study of fuel use in Burkina Faso shows this model to be reductive, however: household fuel use was heterogeneous, flexible, and influenced by several factors, including the frequency with which certain dishes are cooked.

Which choice best describes the main purpose of the text?

• A.

  To account for the effect of fuel use on household income

• B.

  To contrast patterns in household fuel use in two countries

• C.

  To critique a frequently used model of changes in household fuel prices

• D.

  To challenge a common explanation for households' fuel choices