Nhận biết (M1)

Hypothesizing that lullabies, characterized by their lower melodic complexity, are universally calming to infants, Constance and colleagues played a lullaby sung in the Luk Saami language and a non-lullaby sung in the Tundra language to a group of infants. The team found that the infants' heart rates and pupil size both decreased more during the lullaby than during the non-lullaby. Since a decrease in heart rate is associated with relaxation, the team concluded that the lullaby relaxed the infants. However, noting that reduced heart rate can also be associated with increased attention, one critic argues that instead, the lullaby simply attracted the infants' attention.

Which finding, if true, would most weaken the critic's claim?

• A.

  More frequent blinking has also been found to be a reliable indication of attention.

• B.

  Parents of infants in the study preferred the Luk Saami lullaby over the other.

• C.

  Increased attention to a stimulus is usually accompanied by an increase in pupil size.

• D.

  Infants of the study had no familiarity with either of them.