Nhận biết (M1)

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:

• Modularity of mind holds that the mind is composed at least partly of innate neural structures (modules) carrying out fast, necessary tasks.

• The cognitive scientist Jerry A. Fodor proposed in 1983 that low-level cognitive systems (perception and language, say) are modular.

• Under Fodorian modularity, high-level systems (reasoning, say) are not modular.

• The cognitive scientist Peter Carruthers put forward the massive modularity hypothesis (MMH) in 2003.

• MMH stretches modularity to take in every cognitive system.

Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

• A.

  Carruthers, after Fodor’s 1983 hypothesis, proposed that modularity of mind takes in every cognitive system.

• B.

  Carruthers put forward the massive modularity hypothesis in 2003, dissenting from Fodor’s earlier hypothesis that innate neural structures compose the mind.

• C.

  In treating some though by no means all cognitive systems as modular, Fodorian modularity turns out to define modularity less expansively than MMH does.

• D.

  Fodor’s hypothesis and Carruthers’s diverge over whether low-level cognitive systems, perception and language among them, count as modular.